Journal Description
Journal of Risk and Financial Management
Journal of Risk and Financial Management
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on risk and financial management, published monthly online by MDPI. The International Engineering and Technology Institute (IETI), Institute of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (IDSAI), and International Research Institute for Economics and Management (IRIEM) are affiliated with the journal and their members receive a discount on article processing charges.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, EconBiz, EconLit, RePEc, and other databases.
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 19 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 3.9 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the first half of 2023).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
Latest Articles
Internet Banking Service Perception in Mexico
J. Risk Financial Manag. 2023, 16(8), 364; https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16080364 - 07 Aug 2023
Abstract
The perception, adoption, use and satisfaction regarding Internet banking in Mexico have been scarcely explored. This research contributes to the limited literature on Internet banking in Mexico. Its objective is to analyze the perception that a population of workers has about the online
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The perception, adoption, use and satisfaction regarding Internet banking in Mexico have been scarcely explored. This research contributes to the limited literature on Internet banking in Mexico. Its objective is to analyze the perception that a population of workers has about the online service provided by banks in Mexico. The information was collected from a sample of 197 workers who make use of Internet banking. A very acceptable Cronbach’s alpha index was obtained (α = 0.919), which gives evidence of good internal consistency and reliability. The results of an exploratory and confirmatory analysis with a structural equation model (SEM) show that ten out of the eleven attributes explain workers’ perception of Internet banking services. From the eleven attributes analyzed, only four of them are significant in the Mexican context. These attributes are: security, monthly account statement, speed in decision-making and accessibility. In terms of implications for banking practice, the results of this research provide deeper insights for bank managers and policy makers to understand Mexicans’ motivation and develop appropriate strategies to increase Internet banking use.
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(This article belongs to the Section Banking and Finance)
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Flood Insurance, Building Codes, and Public Adaptation: Implications for Airport Investment and Financial Constraints
J. Risk Financial Manag. 2023, 16(8), 363; https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16080363 - 07 Aug 2023
Abstract
This paper investigates the impact of flood management policies on airport investment and the resulting financial constraints. Specifically, it examines the effects of flood insurance, building codes, and public adaptation investment on the investment decisions of 100 United States airports located in flood-prone
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This paper investigates the impact of flood management policies on airport investment and the resulting financial constraints. Specifically, it examines the effects of flood insurance, building codes, and public adaptation investment on the investment decisions of 100 United States airports located in flood-prone areas. The paper estimated the financial loss from extreme precipitations and flooding using novel data from the United States Federal Emergency Management Agency, and a differences-in-differences framework leveraging the introduction of the 2012 Biggert–Waters reform of the National Flood Insurance Program. The findings reveal that while flood insurance costs negatively influence overall airport investment, they do not significantly affect investment–cash sensitivity. On the other hand, the introduction of stricter building codes and public adaptation investment leads to increased cash usage for investment purposes, particularly among airports exposed to extreme precipitation and flood risks. Furthermore, the analysis suggests that the observed increase in financial constraints resulting from stricter building codes and public adaptation investment is likely driven by the asymmetry of information rather than the materiality of flood risk. In other words, public investment in flood risk reduction appears to signal to investors that the airport is exposed to flood risk, potentially leading to increased financial constraints. This finding highlights the importance of considering information asymmetry when assessing the impact of flood management policies on financial constraints. Understanding the underlying drivers of these effects is crucial for supporting resilient infrastructure development and informing effective decision-making in flood-prone areas.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Risk and Sustainability: The Impact on Insurance, Investments, Financing, the Banking Industry, Business and Social Models)
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Open AccessArticle
Examining the Interactive Effect of Advertising Investment and Corporate Social Responsibility on Financial Performance
J. Risk Financial Manag. 2023, 16(8), 362; https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16080362 - 05 Aug 2023
Abstract
This article explores the interactive effect of advertising investment and corporate social responsibility (CSR) on financial performance by selecting 2431 listed companies that participated in the professional evaluation of Hexun.com as the research sample, with a total of 12,471 observed values. The panel
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This article explores the interactive effect of advertising investment and corporate social responsibility (CSR) on financial performance by selecting 2431 listed companies that participated in the professional evaluation of Hexun.com as the research sample, with a total of 12,471 observed values. The panel regression, analysis and hypotheses tests were conducted to examine the interactive effect of advertising investment and CSR on financial performance. There are four empirical findings. First, an advertising investment plays a significant role in improving corporate financial performance. Second, actively fulfilling CSR can effectively upgrade the financial performance of an enterprise. Third, different functional mechanisms will not change the positive impact of CSR on financial performance. Fourth, the interaction between advertising investment and CSR has a significant positive correction on financial performance. Combining the advertising investment with CSR they have a remarkable complementary effect on financial performance. Based on these findings, this article claims that to maximize the advertising effect, company managers should actively carry out business activities and conduct appropriate advertising investments from the perspective of CSR. In other words, to enhance the return on marketing activities and strengthen the promotion of financial performance by advertising investment, company managers should pay more attention to fulfilling CSR and take advantage of the reputational and social images generated by CSR to bring greater market value and financial growth.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Durable, Inclusive, Sustainable Economic Growth and Challenge)
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Open AccessArticle
Risk and Bankruptcy Research: Mapping the State of the Art
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J. Risk Financial Manag. 2023, 16(8), 361; https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16080361 - 02 Aug 2023
Abstract
This article presents a bibliometric study on different types of risk and bankruptcy, aiming to contribute to academic knowledge in this area. We used the bibliometrix tools in R and VOSviewer, following the main laws of bibliometrics (Bradford’s law, Lotka’s law, and Zipf’s
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This article presents a bibliometric study on different types of risk and bankruptcy, aiming to contribute to academic knowledge in this area. We used the bibliometrix tools in R and VOSviewer, following the main laws of bibliometrics (Bradford’s law, Lotka’s law, and Zipf’s law). We analyzed 7163 relevant academic publications retrieved from the WOS database between 1995 and 2023. The characterization of the literature identified trends, importance, and scientific relevance of works, journals, and authors. This allows for promoting collaborations among researchers and provides insights for strategic decision making, advancing knowledge in the field. The most relevant journal was the “Journal of Banking and Finance”, with Edward Altman as the prominent author. The United States and China were the most active countries in research. The current research highlights terms such as “board size”, “CRS”, “responsibility”, and “governance”, which are commonly found in recent works. The themes of greatest centrality include risk, model, and debt. The bibliometric review revealed gaps in knowledge and research, indicating a growing trend of studies in this area. This article provides valuable information for researchers and managers, supporting decision making in risk management and bankruptcy.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Planning and Management in Companies)
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Open AccessSystematic Review
Exploring Blockchain Technology for Chain of Custody Control in Physical Evidence: A Systematic Literature Review
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, , , , , , and
J. Risk Financial Manag. 2023, 16(8), 360; https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16080360 - 02 Aug 2023
Abstract
Blockchain technology, initially known for its applications in the financial industry, has emerged as a promising solution for various other domains. One prominent area for the use of blockchain-based solutions is forensics, specifically the chain of custody maintenance and control. While there have
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Blockchain technology, initially known for its applications in the financial industry, has emerged as a promising solution for various other domains. One prominent area for the use of blockchain-based solutions is forensics, specifically the chain of custody maintenance and control. While there have been numerous research projects exploring the use of blockchain technology in digital forensics, limited attention has been given to its application in controlling of the physical evidence chain of custody. In this research, we aim to explore the literature on the use of blockchain technology to solve problems related to the physical evidence chain of custody. Through a systematic literature review (SLR), we analyzed 26 resources discussing blockchain-based solutions for evidence chain of custody issues, based on requirements that could be applied to both physical and digital evidence. The results showed that there is a lack of studies involving the use of blockchain technology to solve problems related to the physical evidence chain of custody, and future research should focus on solving the issue.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Applications and Innovations in Non-financial Blockchain Technology)
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Open AccessArticle
How Do Firms Manage Their Foreign Exchange Exposure?
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and
J. Risk Financial Manag. 2023, 16(8), 359; https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16080359 - 01 Aug 2023
Abstract
We examine how firms manage their foreign exchange (FX) exposure using publicly reported data on FX exposure before and after hedging with corresponding hedging instruments. Based on calculated firm-, year-, and currency-specific hedge ratios, we find that about 80 (20) percent of FX
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We examine how firms manage their foreign exchange (FX) exposure using publicly reported data on FX exposure before and after hedging with corresponding hedging instruments. Based on calculated firm-, year-, and currency-specific hedge ratios, we find that about 80 (20) percent of FX firm exposure is managed using risk-decreasing (risk-increasing/risk-constant) strategies. Further, we find that prior hedging outcomes affect the management of current FX exposure, where the exposure is reduced and management adjusts the hedge ratio closer to its benchmark average hedge ratio following prior benchmark losses. When separately evaluating risk-decreasing and risk-increasing positions, we find that prior benchmark losses are only relevant for risk-increasing but not for risk-decreasing positions, i.e., hedging decisions are independent of prior benchmark losses if the intention is to reduce FX exposure.
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(This article belongs to the Section Applied Economics and Finance)
Open AccessArticle
The Effect of Sustainability Information Disclosure on the Cost of Equity Capital: An Empirical Analysis Based on Gartner Top 50 Supply Chain Rankings
J. Risk Financial Manag. 2023, 16(8), 358; https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16080358 - 31 Jul 2023
Abstract
While disclosing financial information has been widely proved to reduce the financing cost of a company, the impact of non-financial information, such as sustainability information, disclosing on the financing cost of the company is still in debate. The goal of this paper is
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While disclosing financial information has been widely proved to reduce the financing cost of a company, the impact of non-financial information, such as sustainability information, disclosing on the financing cost of the company is still in debate. The goal of this paper is to explore the impact of disclosing sustainability-related information on the cost of equity for firms. The paper first introduces the concept of sustainability information disclosure, and then exhibits its benefit through exploring its impact on reducing a firm’s financing cost. It uses the Gartner supply chain top 50 rankings to construct the experiment environment to test for the effect of sustainability information disclosure on the cost of equity capital. The study uses the Gartner top 50 supply chain rankings from 2013 to 2017 to construct the experiment environment, and test for the sustainability information disclosure’s impact on reducing the cost of equity capital. The regressions, which are based on the 350 firm-year sample of the United States and the 604 global firm-year sample, indicate that sustainability information disclosure significantly reduced the cost of equity capital. This paper uses a fixed effect regression method to analyze the impact of sustainability information disclosure. According to the regression result, the sustainability information disclosure variable has a significant negative coefficient. The result is robust under many settings. Thus, the paper finds that sustainability information disclosure significantly diminishes the cost of equity capital, controlling for ESG information disclosure. It also discusses the implications of the findings and future research directions for sustainability information disclosure.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue ESG-Investing and ESG-Finance)
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Open AccessArticle
International Borrowing and Lending in the Presence of Oligopolistic Competition
J. Risk Financial Manag. 2023, 16(8), 357; https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16080357 - 28 Jul 2023
Abstract
This paper examines the implications of imperfect competition in a two-country framework where a single good is produced. Using an overlapping generation model, we analyze the effects of market structures. Specifically, one country is assumed to operate under a perfectly competitive market structure,
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This paper examines the implications of imperfect competition in a two-country framework where a single good is produced. Using an overlapping generation model, we analyze the effects of market structures. Specifically, one country is assumed to operate under a perfectly competitive market structure, while the other country operates under an oligopolistic market structure. Our analysis reveals that the differences in factor prices between the two countries when they are in autarky lead to intergenerational trade once their capital markets are integrated. A key finding is that the country with an oligopolistic market structure becomes a lending country, while the country with a competitive market structure becomes a borrowing country. Furthermore, we find that the country with an oligopolistic market structure, serving as a lender, experiences a current account surplus, while the country with a perfectly competitive market structure, acting as a debtor, incurs a current account deficit.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Realizing Economic Diversification from Diverse Economic Perspectives)
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The Six Decades of the Capital Asset Pricing Model: A Research Agenda
J. Risk Financial Manag. 2023, 16(8), 356; https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16080356 - 28 Jul 2023
Abstract
This paper re-examines the presence of the Sharpe–Treynor–Lintner–Mossin capital asset pricing model (CAPM) in the finance literature and is accompanied by a bibliometric summary analysis. The popular model is in its sixth decade; we summarized the relevance of the CAPM using publication and
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This paper re-examines the presence of the Sharpe–Treynor–Lintner–Mossin capital asset pricing model (CAPM) in the finance literature and is accompanied by a bibliometric summary analysis. The popular model is in its sixth decade; we summarized the relevance of the CAPM using publication and citation trends, as well as identifying its most prolific and impactful contributors. This paper is based on a systematic review of the literature and was completed with the help of various bibliometric techniques. During the study process, we presented a map of various themes and areas of the CAPM and its evolution. Our findings indicate that the extant literature on this topic (the cost of capital, asset pricing, portfolio, risk management, beta, systematic risk, and value premium) is based on the principles and assumptions of the CAPM. We are considering suggestions on the future use, trend, and direction of the CAPM, based on our summary of thematically developed clusters.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Featured Papers in Mathematics and Finance)
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Open AccessReview
Tracing Knowledge Diffusion Trajectories in Scholarly Bitcoin Research: Co-Word and Main Path Analyses
J. Risk Financial Manag. 2023, 16(8), 355; https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16080355 - 27 Jul 2023
Abstract
In the burgeoning field of bitcoin research, a cohesive understanding of how knowledge and insights have evolved over time is lacking. This study aims to address this gap through an exploration of 4123 academic articles pertaining to bitcoin. Utilizing co-word analysis and main
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In the burgeoning field of bitcoin research, a cohesive understanding of how knowledge and insights have evolved over time is lacking. This study aims to address this gap through an exploration of 4123 academic articles pertaining to bitcoin. Utilizing co-word analysis and main path analysis (MPA), it uncovers key themes and seminal works that have substantially influenced the field’s progression. The identified clusters, including safe haven, internet of things (IoT), proof of work (PoW), market efficiency, sentiment analysis, digital currency, and privacy, shed light on the multifaceted discourse surrounding bitcoin. The MPA, incorporating both forward and backward local paths, traces an evolving narrative, starting from an in-depth exploration of bitcoin’s structure, anonymity, and contrasts against traditional financial assets. It tracks the shift in focus to broader market dynamics, volatility, speculative nature, and reactions to economic policy fluctuations. The analysis underscores the transformation of bitcoin research, from its beginnings as a decentralized, privacy-oriented currency to its role in global economics and green financing, revealing a complex narrative of an innovative financial instrument to a multifaceted entity. Implications drawn from this analysis include the need for further research on the potential integration of bitcoin within emerging technologies like AI and cybersecurity, the implications of bitcoin’s interplay with traditional financial systems, and the environmental impacts of bitcoin and blockchain utilization. Overall, the current study not only enhances our understanding of the bitcoin field but also charts its dynamic evolution and stimulates further academic inquiry.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Financial Technology (Fintech) and Sustainable Financing Volume II)
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Do Farmers Demand Innovative Financial Products? A Case Study in Cambodia
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, , , , , and
J. Risk Financial Manag. 2023, 16(8), 353; https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16080353 - 27 Jul 2023
Abstract
This study examines Cambodian farmers’ demand for weather index insurance (WII), an innovative financial product, for managing climate change-related risks. Rice and cassava farmers in Battambang Province of Cambodia were interviewed to understand their preferences for WII. We applied a binary logistic
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This study examines Cambodian farmers’ demand for weather index insurance (WII), an innovative financial product, for managing climate change-related risks. Rice and cassava farmers in Battambang Province of Cambodia were interviewed to understand their preferences for WII. We applied a binary logistic model to quantify the factors that influence farmers’ WII demand. We discovered that farmers’ marital status and off-farm labor are crucial factors that impact the demand for WII. More importantly, we also investigated gender differences, considering the critical role of women in the agricultural sector and personality differences between men and women. Our findings indicated that for male respondents, being married and having an additional off-farm laborer increase the probability of demand for WII by 72.6% and 36.8%, respectively. For female respondents, the education level is the most significant factor in making purchase decisions. An additional year of education increases the probability of WII demand by 5.0%. Generally, our results are consistent with some prior studies but inconsistent with others. This suggests that further research is necessary to understand the barriers associated with WII schemes and how to overcome them. Regardless, our study provides valuable insights for various stakeholders in implementing WII schemes, including financial professionals, insurance companies, communities, and governments, for designing more flexible WII products, improving farmers’ financial literacy, and providing effective post-event support to enhance farmers’ resilience to climate change.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Risk and Sustainability: The Impact on Insurance, Investments, Financing, the Banking Industry, Business and Social Models)
Open AccessArticle
Culture and Corporate Decarbonization Efforts: A Time-Varying Analysis and Topology Approach
J. Risk Financial Manag. 2023, 16(8), 354; https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16080354 - 26 Jul 2023
Abstract
This study examines the influence of culture on corporate responses to climate change. Given the inherent uncertainty associated with climate change, cultural values, as a non-market force, are expected to impact corporate’s decision making regarding decarbonization.To investigate this, a sample of large firms
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This study examines the influence of culture on corporate responses to climate change. Given the inherent uncertainty associated with climate change, cultural values, as a non-market force, are expected to impact corporate’s decision making regarding decarbonization.To investigate this, a sample of large firms from 23 societies participating in the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) survey was analyzed, along with cultural measures assessed by the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE) study. The findings of this study reveal that cultural values have diverse effects on corporate decarbonization efforts. Specifically, a preference for avoiding uncertainty and a future-oriented perspective tend to foster decarbonization, while a strong focus on performance appears to hinder such efforts. Additionally, the relationship between culture and decarbonization demonstrates a time-varying characteristic, indicating the influence of culture on carbon performance is contingent upon the evolution of carbon-related institutions over the study period.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corporate Governance and Carbon Accounting)
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Exploring Dynamic Asset Pricing within Bachelier’s Market Model
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, , , , and
J. Risk Financial Manag. 2023, 16(8), 352; https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16080352 - 26 Jul 2023
Abstract
This paper delves into the dynamics of asset pricing within Bachelier’s market model (BMM), elucidating the representation of risky asset price dynamics and the definition of riskless assets. It highlights the fundamental differences between BMM and the Black–Scholes–Merton market model (BSMMM), including the
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This paper delves into the dynamics of asset pricing within Bachelier’s market model (BMM), elucidating the representation of risky asset price dynamics and the definition of riskless assets. It highlights the fundamental differences between BMM and the Black–Scholes–Merton market model (BSMMM), including the extension of BMM to handle assets yielding a simple dividend. Our investigation further explores Bachelier’s term structure of interest rates (BTSIR), introducing a novel version of Bachelier’s Heath–Jarrow–Morton model and adapting the Hull–White interest rate model to fit BMM. This study concludes by examining the applicability of BMM in real-world scenarios, such as those involving environmental, social, and governance (ESG)-adjusted stock prices and commodity spreads.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue ESG-Investing and ESG-Finance)
Open AccessArticle
Determinants of the Sustained Development of the Night-Time Economy: The Case of Hanoi, Capital of Vietnam
J. Risk Financial Manag. 2023, 16(8), 351; https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16080351 - 26 Jul 2023
Abstract
Sustainable development is a subject of study and consideration by scientists and policymakers, especially the sustainable development of the night-time economy. The night-time economy refers to the various economic activities and businesses that primarily operate during the evening and night hours, typically from
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Sustainable development is a subject of study and consideration by scientists and policymakers, especially the sustainable development of the night-time economy. The night-time economy refers to the various economic activities and businesses that primarily operate during the evening and night hours, typically from 6 p.m. until early morning. It includes a diverse range of sectors such as entertainment, dining, hospitality, and nightlife, with establishments such as bars, clubs, restaurants, theaters, and live music venues playing a significant role. The development of the night-time economy refers to the process of managing and promoting the growth of economic activities during the evening and night hours in a manner that balances economic, social, and environmental considerations. Therefore, the paper aimed to identify the factors affecting the night-time economy in Hanoi to achieve the sustainable development of this economy. The paper processed and analyzed the data using SPSS Statistics 26.0 software. The quantitative study included (1) testing the suitability of the scale for the variables using Cronbach’s alpha, (2) analyzing the EFA factors to check the convergence of the observed variables and the separation between the independent variables, (3) checking the correlation to evaluate the problem of multicollinearity of the model, and (4) performing regression analysis to evaluate the impact of the factors on night-time economic development in Hanoi City. The empirical results showed that the variables positively impacted night-time economic development in Hanoi. However, the study found differences in the levels of their impact. Among the four factors, factor 3 (promotion and sharing) had the strongest impact on night-time economic development, followed by factor 2 (city infrastructure and safety), factor 1 (institutions and environment), and factor 4 (nature and resources). The empirical results will help policymakers promote the sustained development of the night-time economy in Hanoi, Vietnam.
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Open AccessArticle
The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Corporate Dividend Policy of Moroccan Listed Firms
J. Risk Financial Manag. 2023, 16(8), 350; https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16080350 - 26 Jul 2023
Abstract
The recent literature provides conflicting findings and remains inconclusive regarding the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on firms’ dividend policies. In this paper, we examine the dividend policy of Moroccan firms listed in the Casablanca Stock Exchange during the COVID-19 shock. Using panel
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The recent literature provides conflicting findings and remains inconclusive regarding the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on firms’ dividend policies. In this paper, we examine the dividend policy of Moroccan firms listed in the Casablanca Stock Exchange during the COVID-19 shock. Using panel data from 2015 to 2021 of non-financial listed firms, we observe that the proportion of dividend cuts during the last seven years (2015–2021) achieved its highest level on the onset of the crisis. Furthermore, results of the ordinary least square (OLS) regressions demonstrate that the COVID-19 shock has negatively affected the dividend payout of Moroccan listed firms. This study implies that, in times of economic crisis, Moroccan firms exhibit risk-averse behavior by prioritizing the retention of earnings over distributing dividends, scarifying, therefore, the transmission of positive signals to investors and external stakeholders. Furthermore, our results reveal that profitability, growth opportunities, leverage, and size are relevant determinants of corporate dividend policy.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corporate Governance in Global Shocks and Risk Management (Volume II))
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Open AccessArticle
Moored Minds: An Experimental Insight into the Impact of the Anchoring and Disposition Effect on Portfolio Performance
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J. Risk Financial Manag. 2023, 16(8), 349; https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16080349 - 25 Jul 2023
Abstract
This study investigates the anchoring bias and disposition effect in investor trading decisions under different market volatility conditions (stable and volatile markets) and examines their impact on portfolio performance. Employing a quasi-experimental design, participants engage in interactive trading with four securities—two with potential
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This study investigates the anchoring bias and disposition effect in investor trading decisions under different market volatility conditions (stable and volatile markets) and examines their impact on portfolio performance. Employing a quasi-experimental design, participants engage in interactive trading with four securities—two with potential negative returns and two with positive returns—within a simulated asset market. The findings reveal the presence of both the disposition effect and the anchoring bias among individual investors in India. Notably, market volatility influences these behavioral biases, with the disposition effect more pronounced in volatile markets, while the anchoring bias is significant in stable markets. Furthermore, investors exhibiting the disposition effect tend to have lower portfolio performance, while those influenced by the anchoring bias achieve relatively better results. These insights can aid individual investors in recognizing their behavioral biases and making informed trading decisions to enhance portfolio performance. Additionally, this study presents valuable suggestions to financial institutions and regulatory government agencies engaged in similar experiments, with the goal of improving financial decision-making and investment behavior.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Issues in Economics, Finance and Business)
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The Use of the Partitioning Theorem to Prove Further Results Regarding the Distribution of IRRs: And an Open Question
J. Risk Financial Manag. 2023, 16(8), 348; https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16080348 - 25 Jul 2023
Abstract
In 2018, Cuthbert proved that any transaction vector can be uniquely partitioned into a sequence of pure investments with strictly decreasing internal rates of return (IRRs). In a subsequent paper, Cuthbert used the partitioning theorem to derive a new sufficient condition for a
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In 2018, Cuthbert proved that any transaction vector can be uniquely partitioned into a sequence of pure investments with strictly decreasing internal rates of return (IRRs). In a subsequent paper, Cuthbert used the partitioning theorem to derive a new sufficient condition for a transaction to have a unique IRR and proved some results regarding how the IRRs of a transaction must be distributed. This paper proves some further results on the distribution of IRRs. It also poses an open question regarding the possible relationship between the number of IRRs of a transaction and the relative sizes of the smallest and largest IRRs of the terms in the unique partition of that transaction.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Engineering Economics)
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Open AccessArticle
Portfolio Performance of European Target Prices
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J. Risk Financial Manag. 2023, 16(8), 347; https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16080347 - 25 Jul 2023
Abstract
This paper examines the performance of actively managed portfolios constructed using target price recommendations provided by analysts. We propose two methods for constructing portfolios based on Bloomberg’s 12-month target price consensus, which serves as a signal to buy or sell assets. Using a
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This paper examines the performance of actively managed portfolios constructed using target price recommendations provided by analysts. We propose two methods for constructing portfolios based on Bloomberg’s 12-month target price consensus, which serves as a signal to buy or sell assets. Using a sample of 50 European stocks over a 19-year period (from 1 April 2004 to 31 March 2023), we compare the performance of target-price-based portfolios to traditional alternatives, such as a naïve homogeneous portfolio and the Eurostoxx 50 index, as well as to passive portfolios based on average recommendations. We also look into the mean-variance efficiency of these portfolios and find that all exhibit similar levels of efficiency, which are well below the performance of the theoretical tangent portfolios. Our results indicate that target-price-based portfolios show performance very close to that of the naïve homogeneous portfolio. Even the passive “average” target price portfolios, which require previous knowledge of targets for the entire investment period, are unable to outperform the naïve portfolio. Our main findings are based on a 15-year investment horizon but are robust when considering smaller maturities and out-of-sample data. We also investigate the impact of rebalancing on portfolio performance and find that it does pay off in the long run (over an 8-year investment period), but the frequency of rebalancing matters. Rebalancing only once a year is as detrimental to performance as not rebalancing at all. However, it is unclear whether the transaction costs associated with frequent rebalancing would offset any relative outperformance. Overall, our study contributes to the literature on portfolio management and market efficiency by demonstrating the potential benefits and limitations of using target price recommendations to construct portfolios, highlighting the importance of carefully considering rebalancing strategies to achieve optimal performance.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Portfolio Optimization and Management)
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Open AccessArticle
Electronic Payment Behaviors of Consumers under Digital Transformation in Finance—A Case Study of Third-Party Payments
J. Risk Financial Manag. 2023, 16(8), 346; https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16080346 - 25 Jul 2023
Abstract
In the digital era, new financial technologies and big data are accelerating the development of financial transactions. With the rise of e-commerce transactions, the financial industry has come to recognize that banking as a service can be seamlessly integrated into any scenario, thanks
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In the digital era, new financial technologies and big data are accelerating the development of financial transactions. With the rise of e-commerce transactions, the financial industry has come to recognize that banking as a service can be seamlessly integrated into any scenario, thanks to disruptive innovation driven by electronic and third-party payments. This study aims to examine the consumer acceptance of third-party payment systems offered by electronic payment platforms for e-commerce, as well as their continued usage in the context of digital transformation in finance. This study employed the questionnaire survey method, and it distributed questionnaires to consumers who have used third-party payment systems. A total of 332 valid questionnaires were collected. The results indicate that user acceptance of innovative technologies and various external variables (e.g., the user’s external environment, internal characteristics, and information system quality) were significantly positively correlated with perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and behavioral intention regarding the electronic payment behaviors of consumers. Based on the empirical results, this study proposes important managerial implications for the financial industry and e-commerce platforms in promoting electronic payment innovation.
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(This article belongs to the Section Financial Technology and Innovation)
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Open AccessReview
The Association between Audit Quality and Corporate Tax Avoidance. A Bibliometric Review of Literature and Early Evidence on the European Union, from the Perspective of Tax-Related Key Audit Matters Disclosure
J. Risk Financial Manag. 2023, 16(8), 345; https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16080345 - 25 Jul 2023
Abstract
In the circumstances of increasing forms of corporate reporting, the relevance of the financial information is slightly decreasing, as the reporting strategies do not provide evidence of the potential deterioration of reported earnings, but rather try to hide managers’ earnings management practices through
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In the circumstances of increasing forms of corporate reporting, the relevance of the financial information is slightly decreasing, as the reporting strategies do not provide evidence of the potential deterioration of reported earnings, but rather try to hide managers’ earnings management practices through various impression management techniques and lower financial transparency. Therefore, the external auditors’ role becomes essential in mitigating the information asymmetry. This article aims to study the association between a quality audit and corporate tax avoidance. The research methodology was based on two essential stages. The first stage consisted of reviewing the specialized literature by applying the bibliometric analysis. In the second stage, we resorted to an exploratory analysis of the KAMs disclosed by European Union firms listed in 2016–2021. The study was carried out based on the information provided by the Web of Science and Audit Analytics databases. In accordance with the obtained results, we emphasize that more attention should be paid to the association between the KAMs disclosed by auditors regarding the extended audit reports and the indication of corporate tax avoidance through different tax planning metrics. At the same time, the study underlines that collections of data on KAMs’ disclosures could help specialists create a common body of knowledge about KAMs and how they should be used as communication tools between auditors, management, and stakeholders (including the state). The contribution of this article consists of providing informational support to the tax authorities to understand the main concerns regarding the business environment so that they can come up with supporting public tax policies that should facilitate the mission of companies to determine the tax burden. In addition, it provides researchers with a starting point to further explore issues related to tax avoidance techniques and the role of a financial auditor in limiting them.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Audit Risk Assessment)
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