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Special Issue "Cyto-Histological Correlations in Pathology Diagnostics"

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A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2023 | Viewed by 2217

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Ivana Kholová

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor

1. Head of Cytopathology, Fimlab Laboratories, 33100 Tampere, Finland
2. Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
Interests: cytology; FNA; HPV primary screening; cardiovascular pathology
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

After a successful first edition of the Special Issue “Cyto-Histological Correlations in Pathology Diagnostics” (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/diagnostics/special_issues/Cyto-Histopathogical) with a total of 13 papers—including 10 original research papers—dealing with various aspects of cyto-histological correlation and its role in cytological diagnosis, from gynecytology through effusions to fine-needle aspirations, we are pleased to announce a second edition.

Cyto-histological correlation is a comparison of cytological and histological diagnoses from the same lesion. It is a part of laboratory routine diagnostics at the case level and a quality assurance parameter if series-based. It mirrors our everyday routine diagnostics.

Series covering both gynecological and non-gynecological cytology, including fine needle aspirations, effusions, and brushing, are welcomed. Diagnostic issues and possible pitfalls should be discussed. Aspects of lesions imaging, sampling, processing, and staining can be highlighted in the cyto-histological correlation. Last but not least, as in the first edition, new and old cytology terminology series are encouraged as submissions.

Dr. Ivana Kholová
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

Open AccessArticle

Diagnosis of Low-Grade Urothelial Neoplasm in the Era of the Second Edition of the Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology

Konstantinos Christofidis

Napoleon Moulavasilis

Evangelos Fragkiadis

Dimitrios Goutas

Andreas C. Lazaris

Dionisios Mitropoulos

and

Panagiota Mikou

Diagnostics 2023, 13(16), 2625; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13162625 (registering DOI) - 08 Aug 2023

Abstract

Background: The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology (TPS) is considered the gold standard when it comes to diagnostic classifications of urine specimens. Its second edition brought some important changes, including the abolition of the diagnostic category of “low-grade urothelial neoplasm (LGUN)”, acknowledging the inability of cytology to reliably discern low-grade urothelial lesions. Methods: In this retrospective study, we assessed the validity of this change, studying the cytological diagnoses of histologically diagnosed low-grade urothelial carcinomas during a three-year period. Moreover, we correlated the sum of the urinary cytology diagnoses of this period with the histological diagnoses, whenever available. Results: Although all the cytological diagnoses of LGUN were concordant with the histological diagnoses, most low-grade urothelial carcinomas were misdiagnosed cytologically. Subsequently, the positive predictive value (PPV) of urinary cytology for the diagnosis of LGUN was 100%, while the sensitivity was only 21.7%. Following the cyto-histopathological correlation of the sum of the urinary cytology cases, the sensitivity of urinary cytology for the diagnosis of high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) was demonstrated to be 90.1%, the specificity 70.8%, the positive predictive value (PPV) 60.3%, the negative predictive value (NPV) 93.6% and the overall accuracy 77.2%, while for LGUN, the values were 21.7%, 97.2%, 87.5%, 58.6% and 61.9%, respectively. Risk of high-grade malignancy was 0% for the non-diagnostic (ND), 4.8% for the non-high-grade urothelial carcinoma (NHGUC), 33.3% for the atypical urothelial cells (AUCs), 65% for the suspicious for high-grade urothelial carcinoma (SHGUC), 100% for the HGUC and 12.5% for the LGUN diagnostic categories. Conclusions: This study validates the incorporation of the LGUN in the NHGUC diagnostic category in the second edition of TPS. Moreover, it proves the ability of urinary cytology to safely diagnose HGUC and stresses the pivotal role of its diagnosis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cyto-Histological Correlations in Pathology Diagnostics)

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Open AccessArticle

Updates from Our Institutional Experience with Thyroid Nodules Diagnosed as Metastases

Celestino Pio Lombardi

Marco Raffaelli

Antonino Mulè

and

Luigi Maria Larocca

Diagnostics 2023, 13(14), 2388; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13142388 - 17 Jul 2023

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Abstract

Background: Thyroid metastases (TMs) are a rare entity, ranging between 0 and 24% in the autopsy series. In the assessment of the best management, the discrimination between a primary and a metastatic thyroid lesion is crucial. In this regard, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is likely to play a crucial role especially when ancillary techniques (i.e., immunocytochemistry (ICC) and molecular testing) are carried out. Methods: We searched for all the TMs diagnosed using FNAC and analyzed between 2014 and 2023. The cases were processed with liquid-based (LBC) and ICC and molecular testing performed on LBC-stored material. Results: We reported 2.2% (19 cases) of TMs out of 1022 malignancies. TMs included: 1 larynx carcinoma (LX-Ca), 1 melanoma, 2 breast carcinomas (B-Ca), 3 lung carcinomas (LG-Ca), 4 gastro-intestinal carcinomas (GI-Ca), and 8 clear cell renal carcinomas (CCRC). All patients had a previous cancer history, between 300 and 2 months from the primary cancers. The morphological features were supported by ICC, which were contributive in 100% of cases. All TMs cases were characterized by multiple thyroid nodules except the melanoma case. Four cases underwent total thyroidectomy (1 B, 1 LX, 1 melanoma, and 1 CCRC) whilst 15 TMs were treated with radio-chemotherapy. Conclusions: FNAC empowered the diagnostic workup of patients with TMs avoiding useless surgery. The low sensitivity of cytology might be reinforced by the application of ancillary techniques. We found a predominant rate of kidney metastatic carcinomas, followed by lung and breast. TMs are frequently multifocal and in a context of a systemic disease so a tailored therapy seems to be the best treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cyto-Histological Correlations in Pathology Diagnostics)

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Open AccessArticle

Utility and Limitations of Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology in the Diagnosis of Lymphadenopathy

and

Diagnostics 2023, 13(4), 728; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13040728 - 14 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1279

Abstract

Background: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a valuable tool for evaluating lymphadenopathy. The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and effectiveness of FNAC in the diagnosis of lymphadenopathy. Methods: Cytological characteristics were evaluated in 432 patients who underwent lymph node FNAC and follow-up biopsy at the Korea Cancer Center Hospital from January 2015 to December 2019. Results: Fifteen (3.5%) of the four hundred and thirty-two patients were diagnosed as inadequate by FNAC, with five (33.3%) of these diagnosed as metastatic carcinoma on histological examination. Of the 432 patients, 155 (35.9%) were diagnosed as benign by FNAC, with seven (4.5%) of these diagnosed histologically as metastatic carcinoma. A review of the FNAC slides, however, showed no evidence of cancer cells, suggesting that the negative results may have been due to FNAC sampling errors. An additional five samples regarded as benign on FNAC were diagnosed as non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) by histological examination. Of the 432 patients, 223 (51.6%) were cytologically diagnosed as malignant, with 20 (9.0%) of these diagnosed as tissue insufficient for diagnosis (TIFD) or benign on histological examination. A review of the FNAC slides of these 20 patients, however, showed that 17 (85.0%) were positive for malignant cells. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive values (NPV), and accuracy of FNAC were 97.8%, 97.5%, 98.7%, 96.0%, and 97.7%, respectively. Conclusions: Preoperative FNAC was safe, practical, and effective in the early diagnosis of lymphadenopathy. This method, however, had limitations in some diagnoses, suggesting that additional attempts may be required according to the clinical situation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cyto-Histological Correlations in Pathology Diagnostics)

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